Preheat the oven to 425°F. Pat the chicken dry inside and out.
Mix the butter, herbs, garlic, salt, and pepper. Gently loosen the skin over the breast and rub half the herb butter underneath; rub the rest over the outside of the chicken.
Stuff the cavity with the lemon halves and onion quarters. Tie the legs together with kitchen twine if desired.
Set the chicken breast-side up in a roasting pan or large oven-safe skillet. Rub the outside with olive oil and season generously with salt and pepper.
Roast 20 minutes, then reduce the oven to 375°F and continue roasting 45-50 minutes, until a thermometer in the thickest part of the thigh reads 165°F.
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